What condition is characterized by a build-up of eye pressure due to fluid blockage by the iris?

The condition characterized by a build-up of eye pressure due to fluid blockage by the iris is acute glaucoma. In acute glaucoma, specifically acute angle-closure glaucoma, the angle between the iris and cornea becomes narrow or is blocked, preventing aqueous humor from draining properly through the trabecular meshwork. This blockage leads to a rapid increase in intraocular pressure, which can result in severe eye pain, redness, blurred vision, and potentially loss of vision if not treated promptly.

Acute glaucoma is a medical emergency due to the possibility of permanent damage to the optic nerve if the increased pressure is not alleviated quickly. It differs from chronic glaucoma, where the increase in intraocular pressure occurs gradually and is often asymptomatic in the early stages.

Retinal detachment and cataracts are unrelated to the build-up of eye pressure caused by fluid blockage. Retinal detachment involves separation of the retina from the underlying tissue and may result from various factors, while cataracts involve clouding of the lens of the eye and do not directly relate to intraocular pressure issues.