What is a primary concern associated with prolonged UV exposure to the eyes?

Prolonged UV exposure to the eyes is a significant health concern because it is linked to the development of several serious eye conditions, most notably cataracts and macular degeneration. Cataracts form when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to impaired vision. UV radiation can contribute to this clouding process over time. Similarly, macular degeneration affects the central part of the retina (the macula), leading to a loss of central vision. This deterioration can be accelerated by UV exposure.

The other options do not represent valid concerns associated with UV exposure. Increased production of tears is not a direct result of UV exposure; rather, it might occur in response to irritation from various environmental factors. Enhancement of visual acuity does not occur due to UV exposure; instead, over time, UV damage can lead to visual impairment. Finally, there is no evidence or well-supported notion that prolonged UV exposure decreases the risk of eye infections; in fact, UV damage can compromise the protective mechanisms of the eye. Therefore, the association of prolonged UV exposure with cataracts and macular degeneration is a substantial reason for the recommendation of protective eyewear in bright sunlight.