What is the function of the retina in the eye?

The retina plays a crucial role in the visual processing system of the eye. Its primary function is to convert light that enters the eye into neural signals. This process begins when light hits the photoreceptor cells within the retina, specifically the rods and cones. Rods are sensitive to low levels of light and provide vision in dim lighting, while cones are responsible for color vision and function best in bright light.

Once the photoreceptors absorb the light, they trigger a biochemical process that results in the generation of electrical impulses. These impulses are then transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as visual images. This transformation of light into neural signals is essential for vision, making the retina a fundamental component in the ability to perceive the environment.

The other options highlight functions that are not directly related to the retina's purpose. Protecting the eye from damage is primarily the function of the eyelids and the cornea. Maintaining intraocular pressure is chiefly managed by the aqueous humor and the structures that regulate its production and drainage. Eye movement is controlled by the extraocular muscles, not the retina, which is solely focused on processing light into signals for visual perception.